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Isis Cristel Córdova Barrios
Jesús Esteban Castillo Machaca
Alexander Quispe Quispe
Dani Eddy Gavilan Calle
Stefani Rosario Marroquin Flores
Contexto: La cuenca del río Pisco, localizada en el departamento de Ica, Perú, se sitúa en una de las zonas más áridas de la costa del Pacífico, donde la disponibilidad hídrica es limitada y la presión antrópica es elevada. Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de la hidrología de la escorrentía en la calidad sanitaria y fisicoquímica del agua de la cuenca del río Pisco, Ica, Perú, durante 2025. Materiales y métodos: Se desarrolló una investigación aplicada, con enfoque cuantitativo, observacional y prospectivo, de nivel descriptivo-correlacional y diseño no experimental. Se estableció un monitoreo sistemático en puntos estratégicos seleccionados por criterios hidrológicos, ambientales y de accesibilidad. Las muestras se recolectaron con protocolos estandarizados y se analizaron pH, conductividad eléctrica, oxígeno disuelto, demanda bioquímica de oxígeno (DBO5), demanda química de oxígeno (DQO), sólidos suspendidos totales y coliformes. Los resultados se contrastaron con los Estándares de Calidad Ambiental para Agua del D.S. N.º 004-2017-MINAM y se aplicó la prueba t de Student (α = 0,05). Resultados: La DBO5 promedio fue 6,33 mg/L, significativamente inferior al valor de referencia de 10 mg/L (t = -55,94; p < 0,05). El pH, la DQO, los sólidos suspendidos totales y la conductividad permanecieron dentro de los rangos permisibles; el oxígeno disuelto se situó entre 3,8 y 4,6 mg/L, próximo al mínimo requerido, y los coliformes totales entre 217 y 223 NMP/100 mL evidenciaron aportes por arrastre superficial. Conclusión: La escorrentía ejerce un doble efecto: favorece la dilución de la carga orgánica y transporta contaminantes microbiológicos, por lo que constituye un factor determinante de la variabilidad espacial y temporal de la calidad del agua y justifica fortalecer el monitoreo hidrológico-sanitario y la gestión integrada de la cuenca.
Context: The Pisco River basin, located in the department of Ica, Peru, lies in one of the most arid zones of the Pacific coast, where water availability is limited and anthropogenic pressure is high. Objective: To evaluate the influence of runoff hydrology on the sanitary and physicochemical water quality of the Pisco River basin, Ica, Peru, during 2025. Materials and Methods: An applied, quantitative, observational and prospective study was conducted, at a descriptive-correlational level with a non-experimental design. Systematic monitoring was established at strategic sites selected by hydrological, environmental and accessibility criteria. Samples were collected following standardized protocols and pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids and coliforms were analyzed. Results were compared with the Environmental Quality Standards for Water of Supreme Decree No. 004-2017-MINAM and Student's t-test was applied (α = 0.05). Results: Mean BOD5 was 6.33 mg/L, significantly lower than the reference value of 10 mg/L (t = -55.94; p < 0.05). pH, COD, total suspended solids and conductivity remained within permissible ranges; dissolved oxygen ranged from 3.8 to 4.6 mg/L, close to the minimum required, and total coliforms from 217 to 223 MPN/100 mL evidenced surface-wash contributions. Conclusion: Runoff exerts a dual effect: it promotes dilution of organic load and transports microbiological contaminants, constituting a determining factor of the spatial and temporal variability of water quality and justifying the strengthening of hydrological-sanitary monitoring and integrated basin management.

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1.
Escorrentía y calidad sanitaria-fisicoquímica del agua en la cuenca del río Pisco. Alfa Revista de Investigación en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias [Internet]. 2026 Nov. 12 [cited 2026 Nov. 14];10(30):1-13. Available from: https://www.revistaalfa.org/index.php/revistaalfa/article/view/724
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