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Marlon Yalta Campos
Myc Maagen Yalta Arevalo
Kosseth Marianella Bardales Grández
Elmer Samuel Saavedra Viteri
Contexto: La contaminación acústica se ha consolidado como uno de los principales problemas ambientales del siglo XXI. Objetivo: Caracterizar los niveles de contaminación acústica ambiental y evaluar sus efectos sobre el desempeño y la salud ocupacional docente en una institución educativa secundaria de la Amazonía peruana. Metodología: Estudio no experimental, transversal y correlacional desarrollado en la Institución Educativa N.° 60050, República de Venezuela de Iquitos, Loreto, Perú. Se evaluaron 254 estudiantes y 19 docentes; la muestra estudiantil fue de 152 sujetos seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado (95 % de confianza, 5 % de error). Las mediciones acústicas se realizaron con un sonómetro digital clase II calibrado según ISO 1996-2, en seis aulas y tres calles perimetrales, durante tres horarios de la jornada escolar. Se aplicaron fichas de observación estructurada y cuestionarios validados (α de Cronbach entre 0,84 y 0,89). El análisis estadístico se ejecutó en SPSS 14,0 mediante la prueba Chi-cuadrado de Pearson (α = 0,05) y coeficiente de contingencia. Resultados: Los niveles de ruido interno oscilaron entre 63,7 y 78,6 dBA (media 70,8 ± 4,2 dBA) y los externos entre 73,9 y 85,6 dBA (media 79,8 ± 3,9 dBA), superando los Estándares Nacionales de Calidad Ambiental para Ruido del Perú y las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se documentó una alta prevalencia de fatiga vocal (78,9 %), pérdida del tiempo efectivo de enseñanza (18,4 % por sesión) y deterioro del bienestar laboral (68,4 %). La asociación exposición-efecto fue estadísticamente significativa (X² = 19,559; p = 0,003; coeficiente de contingencia = 0,31). Conclusión: La contaminación acústica constituye un factor ambiental crítico que compromete la sostenibilidad socioambiental de las instituciones educativas amazónicas y, por extensión, de los territorios rurales de las tierras bajas amazónicas sudamericanas, requiriendo estrategias de mitigación ambiental adaptadas al contexto tropical y articuladas con las políticas de calidad ambiental vigentes.
Context: Noise pollution has become established as one of the main environmental problems of the 21st century. Objective: To characterize the levels of environmental noise pollution and evaluate its effects on teacher performance and occupational health in a secondary educational institution of the Peruvian Amazon. Methodology: Non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational study conducted at Educational Institution No. 60050 «República de Venezuela» in Iquitos, Loreto, Peru. A total of 254 students and 19 teachers were evaluated; the student sample comprised 152 subjects selected by stratified random sampling (95 % confidence, 5 % error). Acoustic measurements were taken with a class II digital sound level meter calibrated to ISO 1996-2, in six classrooms and three perimeter streets, during three school-day time slots. Structured observation forms and validated questionnaires were applied (Cronbach's α between 0.84 and 0.89). Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS 14.0 using Pearson's Chi-square test (α = 0.05) and contingency coefficient. Results: Internal noise levels ranged from 63.7 to 78.6 dBA (mean 70.8 ± 4.2 dBA) and external levels from 73.9 to 85.6 dBA (mean 79.8 ± 3.9 dBA), exceeding the National Environmental Quality Standards for Noise of Peru and the World Health Organization recommendations. High prevalence of vocal fatigue (78.9 %), loss of effective teaching time (18.4 % per session) and deterioration of occupational well-being (68.4 %) were documented. The exposure-effect association was statistically significant (X² = 19.559; p = 0.003; contingency coefficient = 0.31). Conclusion: Noise pollution constitutes a critical environmental factor compromising the socio-environmental sustainability of Amazonian educational institutions and, by extension, of rural territories of the South American Amazonian lowlands, requiring mitigation strategies adapted to the tropical context and articulated with current environmental quality policies.

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Contaminación acústica ambiental y salud docente en una institución educativa amazónica del Perú. Alfa Revista de Investigación en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias [Internet]. 2026 Sep. 11 [cited 2026 Sep. 24];10(30):1-15. Available from: https://www.revistaalfa.org/index.php/revistaalfa/article/view/703
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