Actitudes hacia la conservación del recurso hídrico en estudiantes de educación primaria
Attitudes towards water resource conservation in primary education studentsContenido principal del artículo
Contexto: La conservación del recurso hídrico constituye un desafío educativo prioritario en regiones de alta biodiversidad como la Amazonía peruana, donde las actitudes ambientales desarrolladas durante la infancia influyen en la sostenibilidad de los ecosistemas y en la protección de cuencas estratégicas. Objetivo: Evaluar las actitudes hacia la conservación del recurso hídrico en estudiantes de sexto grado de primaria de la Institución Educativa Mariano Bonin, Tingo María, Huánuco, Perú, considerando las dimensiones cognitiva, afectiva y conductual. Metodología: Se desarrolló una investigación aplicada, descriptiva, con enfoque cuantitativo y diseño no experimental transversal prospectivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 108 estudiantes mediante muestreo probabilístico censal. Se aplicó un cuestionario validado por juicio de expertos (V de Aiken = 0,89) y con confiabilidad Alfa de Cronbach de 0,800. Los datos fueron procesados mediante SPSS v26. Resultados: El 99 % de los estudiantes reconoció la importancia del agua y el 62 % identificó los ríos como principal recurso hídrico. En la dimensión conductual, el 69 % cerró siempre el caño al cepillarse y el 53 % lo cerró al encontrarlo abierto; sin embargo, solo el 32 % reutilizó agua de manera constante, mientras que el 27 % no realizó acciones de conservación y el 43 % comunicó sus conocimientos de forma intermitente. Conclusiones: Las actitudes hacia la conservación hídrica fueron favorables, aunque con una brecha entre conocimiento y comportamiento ambiental. Se requiere implementar estrategias pedagógicas participativas que integren aprendizaje, práctica cotidiana y participación familiar para consolidar conductas proambientales sostenibles en contextos escolares amazónicos.
Context: Water resource conservation is a priority educational challenge in high-biodiversity regions such as the Peruvian Amazon, where environmental attitudes developed during childhood influence ecosystem sustainability and the protection of strategic watersheds. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate attitudes toward water conservation among sixth-grade primary school students at the Mariano Bonin Educational Institution in Tingo María, Huánuco, Peru, considering cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions. Methodology: An applied, descriptive research design was employed with a quantitative approach and a non-experimental, cross-sectional, prospective design. The sample consisted of 108 students selected through census probabilistic sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire validated by expert judgment (Aiken’s V = 0.89) with a Cronbach’s alpha reliability of 0.800. Data processing was performed using SPSS v26. Results: Findings revealed that 99% of students recognized the importance of water, and 62% identified rivers as the primary water resource. In the behavioral dimension, 69% consistently turned off the tap while brushing their teeth, and 53% closed it when found running; however, only 32% consistently reused water. Furthermore, 27% did not engage in conservation actions, and 43% communicated their knowledge only intermittently. Conclusions: While attitudes toward water conservation were generally favorable, a significant "knowledge-action gap" remains. There is a critical need to implement participatory pedagogical strategies that integrate learning, daily practice, and family involvement to consolidate sustainable pro-environmental behaviors within Amazonian school contexts.
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