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Jorge Ysaac Villacres Vallejo
José Francisco Ramírez Chung
Darvin Navarro Torres
Jorge Aquiles Vargas Fasabi
Context: The oleoresin of Copaifera paupera is a critical phytotherapeutic resource in the Peruvian Amazon; however, its production and chemical composition may be influenced by the source of the plant material used for establishment. Objective: To evaluate the agronomic performance, the metabolomic profile of the oleoresin, and the reproductive phenology of C. paupera under botanical propagation and natural regeneration over a thirteen-year period in Zungarococha, Loreto, Peru. Methodology: An experimental study was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) involving 84 individuals. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-tests, non-linear growth models, chemical similarity analysis, and bootstrap robustness tests were applied to compare the performance of both propagation sources. Results: No significant differences were found in height and diameter between treatments (p > 0.05), exhibiting highly correlated growth trajectories (r > 0.998). The Gompertz model provided the best fit for describing growth (R² > 0.985). GC-MS analysis revealed moderate-to-high similarity between chemical profiles (Sørensen-Dice = 0.787), with stability in the predominant sesquiterpenes. Natural regeneration exhibited greater chemical richness (50 compounds), while botanical propagation recorded one exclusive compound. Conclusions: Copaifera paupera exhibits high phenotypic plasticity, maintaining similar agronomic performance across propagation sources. Metabolomic homeostasis of the primary bioactive compounds is preserved, although differences in minor chemical diversity persist. These findings provide critical insights for the management and conservation strategies of this Amazonian species.
Contexto: La oleorresina de Copaifera paupera constituye un recurso fitoterapéutico relevante en la Amazonía peruana, cuya producción y composición química pueden estar condicionadas por el origen del material vegetal utilizado en su establecimiento. Objetivo: Evaluar el comportamiento agronómico, el perfil metabolómico de la oleorresina y la fenología reproductiva de Copaifera paupera bajo propagación botánica y regeneración natural durante trece años en Zungarococha, Loreto, Perú. Metodología: Se desarrolló un estudio experimental con diseño de bloques completamente al azar, considerando 84 individuos. Se aplicaron análisis de varianza (ANOVA), pruebas t, modelos de crecimiento no lineales, análisis de similitud química y pruebas de robustez mediante bootstrap para comparar el desempeño de ambos orígenes propagativos. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas en altura y diámetro entre los tratamientos (p > 0,05), evidenciándose trayectorias de crecimiento altamente correlacionadas (r > 0,998). El modelo Gompertz presentó el mejor ajuste para describir el crecimiento (R² > 0,985). El análisis GC-MS mostró similitud moderada-alta entre perfiles químicos (Sørensen-Dice = 0,787), con estabilidad en los sesquiterpenos predominantes. La regeneración natural presentó mayor riqueza química (50 compuestos), mientras que la propagación botánica registró un compuesto exclusivo. Conclusiones: Copaifera paupera presenta elevada plasticidad fenotípica que permite mantener un desempeño agronómico similar entre orígenes propagativos. La homeostasis metabolómica de los compuestos bioactivos principales se conserva, aunque persisten diferencias en la diversidad química minoritaria, lo que aporta información relevante para estrategias de manejo y conservación de esta especie amazónica.

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