Los sectores económicos-sociales y la contaminación del aire en Perú, 1970-2020
The economic-social sectors and air pollution in Peru, 1970-2020Contenido principal del artículo
La contaminación del aire en estos tiempos está calificada como uno de los problemas ambientales más críticos y preocupantes a nivel mundial, debido a que rompe el equilibrio del aire, modificando la proporción de sus componentes o la introducción en la atmósfera de elementos tóxicos o indeseables que finalmente repercute en la calidad ambiental del entorno. El objetivo del estudio es determinar los sectores económicos y sociales que contribuyen hacia una mayor contaminación del aire en Perú, entre los periodos 1970-2020. Metodológicamente el enfoque fue cuantitativo, tipo analítico descriptivo y no experimental; se utilizaron los datos estadísticos de la base de datos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú y de la página Datos-Macro, considerando el modelo econométrico de tipo log - log. Se determinó que los sector económicos y sociales que influyeron en la contaminación del aire son la densidad poblacional, el parque automotor, la producción de los sectores agropecuario, construcción y energía. Específicamente, el parque automotor, la producción de los sectores agropecuario, construcción y energía influyeron de manera directa en la contaminación del aire, mientras que la densidad poblacional influye de manera indirecta. Finalmente, ante un incremento en 1% en la producción de los sectores construcción, agropecuario y energía y del parque automotor, la contaminación del aire aumenta en 0.29%, 0.098%, 0.24%, 0.19% respectivamente; con respecto a la densidad poblacional, si incrementa en 1%, la contaminación del aire disminuye en 0.77%.
Air pollution in these times is qualified as one of the most critical and worrying environmental problems worldwide, due to the fact that it breaks the air balance, modifying the proportion of its components or the introduction of toxic or undesirable elements into the atmosphere, which finally affects the environmental quality of the surroundings. The objective of the study is to determine the economic and social sectors that contribute to greater air pollution in Peru between 1970 and 2020. Methodologically, the approach was quantitative, analytical, descriptive and non-experimental; statistical data from the database of the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics, Central Reserve Bank of Peru and the page Datos-Macro were used, considering the econometric model of log - log type. It was determined that the economic and social sectors that influence air pollution are population density, vehicle fleet, production in the agricultural, construction and energy sectors. Specifically, the vehicle fleet, agricultural production, construction and energy sectors had a direct influence on air pollution, while population density had an indirect influence. Finally, with a 1% increase in the production of the construction, agricultural, and energy sectors and the vehicle fleet, air pollution increases by 0.29%, 0.098%, 0.24%, and 0.19%, respectively; with respect to population density, if it increases by 1%, air pollution decreases by 0.77%.
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